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The Field Elm cultivar ''Ulmus minor'' 'Atinia', commonly known as the English Elm or more lately the Atinian Elm〔Adams, K., 'A Reappraisal of British Elms based on DNA Evidence' (2006), ()〕 was, before the spread of Dutch elm disease, the commonest field elm in central southern England, though not native there, and one of the largest and fastest-growing deciduous trees in Europe. R. H. Richens noted that there are elm-populations in north-west Spain, in northern Portugal and on the Mediterranean coast of France that "closely resemble the English Elm" and appear to be "trees of long standing" in those regions rather than recent introductions.〔Richens, R. H., ''Elm'' (Cambridge, 1983), p.18, p.90〕〔(Specimen of tree labelled ''U. procera'' in Portugal, icnf.pt )〕 Augustine Henry had earlier noted that the supposed English Elms planted extensively in the Royal Park at Aranjuez from the late 16th century onwards, specimens said to have been introduced from England by Philip II〔Richens, R. H., ''Elm'' (Cambridge, 1983), p.276〕 and "differing in no respects from the English Elm in England", behaved as native trees in Spain. He suggested that the tree "may be a true native of Spain, indigenous in the alluvial plains of the great rivers, now almost completely deforested".〔Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). ''(The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland )''. Vol. VII. 1848–1929. Republished 2004 Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781108069380〕 Richens believed that English Elm was a particular clone of the variable species ''Ulmus minor'', referring to it as ''Ulmus minor'' var. ''vulgaris''.〔(Richens, R. H., ''Elm'', Cambridge University Press, 1983 )〕 A 2004 survey of genetic diversity in Spain, Italy and the UK confirmed that English Elms are indeed genetically identical, clones of a single tree, said to be Columella's 'Atinian Elm',〔Gil, L et al, (2004) English Elm is a 2,000-year-old Roman Clone. ''Nature'' 431. 1053.〕 once widely used for training vines, and assumed to have been brought to the British Isles by Romans for that purpose.〔(Tree News, Spring/Summer 2005,Publisher Felix Press )〕 Thus, despite its name, the origin of the tree is widely believed to be Italy,〔Gil, L., Fuentes-Utrilla, P., Soto, A., Cervera, M.T., Collada, C. (2004) English elm is a 2,000-year-old Roman clone; ''Nature'', vol. 431, p. 1053. Nature Publishing Group, London.〕 though the clone is no longer found there and has not yet been identified further east.〔Heybroek, Hans M, 'The elm, tree of milk and wine' (2013), sisef.it/iforest/contents/?id=ifor1244-007〕 Dr Max Coleman of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh writes (2009): "The advent of DNA fingerprinting has shed considerable light on the question. A number of studies have now shown that the distinctive forms that Melville elevated to species and Richens lumped together as field elm are single clones, all genetically identical, that have been propagated by vegetative means such as cuttings or root suckers. This means that enigmatic British elms such as ... English Elm have turned out to be single clones of field elm."〔Max Coleman, ed.: ''Wych Elm'' (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh publication, 2009; ISBN 978-1-906129-21-7); p. 22〕 Most current taxonomies, however, do not list English Elm as a variety of ''Ulmus minor''. ==Synonyms== *''Ulmus atinia'' Walker *''Ulmus campestris'' L., Loudon, Planch., Moss *''Ulmus minor'' var. ''vulgaris'' Richens *''Ulmus procera'' Salisb. *''Ulmus sativa'' Mill. *''Ulmus suberosa'' Smith, Loudon, Lindley *''Ulmus surculosa'' Stokes var. ''latifolia'' Stokes, Ley 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ulmus minor 'Atinia'」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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